Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, XI. the Hunter Who Could Fly, sentence 14
After two days he heard squaws trying to cut down the stump; they ran away when he called to them.
Who acts: Indian, squaws · What happens: hear, try, cut down, run away, call · To what, where: squaws, stump · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, XI. the Hunter Who Could Fly. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Indian, squaws), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | After | after | ADP | _ | 3 days | case |
| 2 | two | two | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 3 days | nummod |
| 3 | days | day | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 heard | obl |
| 4 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 5 heard | nsubj |
| 5 | heard | hear | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | squaws | squaw | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 heard | obj |
| 7 | trying | try | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 6 squaws | acl |
| 8 | to | to | PART | _ | 9 cut | mark |
| 9 | cut | cut | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 7 trying | xcomp |
| 10 | down | down | ADP | _ | 9 cut | compound:prt |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 stump | det |
| 12 | stump | stump | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 cut | obj |
| 13 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 15 ran | punct |
| 14 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 15 ran | nsubj |
| 15 | ran | run | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 heard | conj |
| 16 | away | away | ADV | _ | 15 ran | advmod |
| 17 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 19 called | advmod |
| 18 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 19 called | nsubj |
| 19 | called | call | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 15 ran | advcl |
| 20 | to | to | ADP | _ | 21 them | case |
| 21 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 19 called | obl |
| 22 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 heard | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | hear | past | Indian | squaws | day | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer squaw=Stimulus | |||
| 2 | try | gerund | squaws not said here | vn try-61.1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality | |||||
| 3 | cut down not said to happen | to-infinitive | squaws not said here | the stump | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset stump=Product | ||||
| 4 | run away | past | squaws = squaw | away property | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 5 | call | past | Indian | squaws = squaw | vn animal_sounds-38 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent to they=Recipient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73136/36/14/