Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, XII. How the Bear Lost His Tail, sentence 17
He pounded the old wolf with the stout stick he used for a cane.
Who acts: fox · What happens: pound, use · To what, where: old wolf, stout stick
This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, XII. How the Bear Lost His Tail. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (fox), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 pounded | nsubj |
| 2 | pounded | pound | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 wolf | det |
| 4 | old | old | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 wolf | amod |
| 5 | wolf | wolf | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 pounded | obj |
| 6 | with | with | ADP | _ | 9 stick | case |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 stick | det |
| 8 | stout | stout | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 stick | amod |
| 9 | stick | stick | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 pounded | obl |
| 10 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 11 used | nsubj |
| 11 | used | use | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 stick | acl:relcl |
| 12 | for | for | ADP | _ | 14 cane | case |
| 13 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 14 cane | det |
| 14 | cane | cane | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 used | obl |
| 15 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 pounded | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | pound | past | fox | the old wolf | with the stout stick | vn hit-18.1-1 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent wolf=Patient with stick=Instrument | |||
| 2 | use | past | fox | the stout stick not said here | for a cane | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP PP.predicate»: agent=Agent stick=Theme for cane=Eventuality |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73136/37/17/