Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, XIV. the Little Wolf Brother, sentence 42

He ran very slowly; the wolves began to howl as if some strange creature were near, and the boy saw his own brother in a tree over his head.

Who acts: scalp, wolves, strange creature, boy · What happens: run, begin, howl, be, see · To what, where: own brother, tree

This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, XIV. the Little Wolf Brother. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (scalp, wolves, strange creature, boy), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 ran	nsubj
2	ran	run	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	very	very	ADV	_	4 slowly	advmod
4	slowly	slowly	ADV	_	2 ran	advmod
5	;	;	PUNCT	_	8 began	punct
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 wolves	det
7	wolves	wolf	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 began	nsubj
8	began	begin	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	2 ran	parataxis
9	to	to	PART	_	10 howl	mark
10	howl	howl	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	8 began	xcomp
11	as	as	SCONJ	_	17 near	mark
12	if	if	SCONJ	_	17 near	mark
13	some	some	DET	PronType=Ind	15 creature	det
14	strange	strange	ADJ	Degree=Pos	15 creature	amod
15	creature	creature	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 near	nsubj
16	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	17 near	cop
17	near	near	ADV	_	10 howl	advcl
18	,	,	PUNCT	_	22 saw	punct
19	and	and	CCONJ	_	22 saw	cc
20	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	21 boy	det
21	boy	boy	NOUN	Number=Sing	22 saw	nsubj
22	saw	see	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	8 began	conj
23	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	25 brother	nmod:poss
24	own	own	ADJ	Degree=Pos	25 brother	amod
25	brother	brother	NOUN	Number=Sing	22 saw	obj
26	in	in	ADP	_	28 tree	case
27	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	28 tree	det
28	tree	tree	NOUN	Number=Sing	22 saw	obl
29	over	over	ADP	_	31 head	case
30	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	31 head	nmod:poss
31	head	head	NOUN	Number=Sing	28 tree	nmod
32	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 ran	punct

Pragmatics

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	run	past	scalp			slowly property	vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	begin	past	the wolves				vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality
3	howl	to-infinitive	the wolves not said here				vn animal_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent
4	is	past	some strange creature			near property	tree rules
5	see	past	the boy	boy's own brother	a tree over boy's head		vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer brother=Stimulus

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73136/39/42/

🌲 Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, XIV. the Little Wolf Brother, sentence 42

The tree

Pragmatics

Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, XIV. the Little Wolf Brother, sentence 42