Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, XV. the Good Bear and the Lost Boy, sentence 4
The dirt fell into the hole behind him and shut him in with the porcupines.
Who acts: dirt · What happens: fall, shut · To what, where: hole, boy
This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, XV. the Good Bear and the Lost Boy. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (dirt), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 dirt | det |
| 2 | dirt | dirt | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 fell | nsubj |
| 3 | fell | fall | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | into | into | ADP | _ | 6 hole | case |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 hole | det |
| 6 | hole | hole | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 fell | obl |
| 7 | behind | behind | ADP | _ | 8 him | case |
| 8 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 6 hole | nmod |
| 9 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 10 shut | cc |
| 10 | shut | shut | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 fell | conj |
| 11 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 10 shut | obj |
| 12 | in | in | ADV | _ | 10 shut | advmod |
| 13 | with | with | ADP | _ | 15 porcupines | case |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 porcupines | det |
| 15 | porcupines | porcupine | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 shut | obl |
| 16 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 fell | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | fall | past | the dirt | into the hole behind boy result | vn become-109.1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient into hole=Result | ||||
| 2 | shut | past | the dirt not said here | boy | with the porcupines | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent he=Patient with porcupine=Instrument |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73136/40/4/