Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, XVI. Legend of Niagara Falls, sentence 17
The rapids were near, and the dashing water carried her little boat down the rapids to the falls of the great waters.
Who acts: rapids · What happens: be, dash, carry · To what, where: little boat, falls
This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, XVI. Legend of Niagara Falls. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (rapids), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 rapids | det |
| 2 | rapids | rapid | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 carried | nsubj |
| 3 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 near | cop |
| 4 | near | near | ADV | _ | 2 rapids | advmod |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 carried | punct |
| 6 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 10 carried | cc |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 water | det |
| 8 | dashing | dash | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 9 water | amod |
| 9 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 carried | nsubj |
| 10 | carried | carry | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 11 | her | her | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 13 boat | nmod:poss |
| 12 | little | little | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 boat | amod |
| 13 | boat | boat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 carried | obj |
| 14 | down | down | ADP | _ | 16 rapids | case |
| 15 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 rapids | det |
| 16 | rapids | rapid | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 carried | obl |
| 17 | to | to | ADP | _ | 19 falls | case |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 falls | det |
| 19 | falls | fall | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 carried | obl |
| 20 | of | of | ADP | _ | 23 waters | case |
| 21 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 23 waters | det |
| 22 | great | great | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 23 waters | amod |
| 23 | waters | water | NOUN | Number=Plur | 19 falls | nmod |
| 24 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 10 carried | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | past | near property | tree rules | |||||
| 2 | dash | gerund | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 3 | carry | past | the rapids | water's little boat | the falls of the great waters | down the rapids; the dashing water nsubj | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent boat=Theme to fall=Destination |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73136/41/17/