Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, XVI. Legend of Niagara Falls, sentence 47
Hinun helped White Cloud in many ways, and she told these things to her people.
Who acts: Hinun, Cloud · What happens: help, tell · To what, where: White Cloud, many ways, things, people · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, XVI. Legend of Niagara Falls. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Hinun, Cloud), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Hinun | Hinun | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 helped | nsubj |
| 2 | helped | help | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | White | White | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 Cloud | amod |
| 4 | Cloud | Cloud | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 helped | obj |
| 5 | in | in | ADP | _ | 7 ways | case |
| 6 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 ways | amod |
| 7 | ways | way | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 helped | obl |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 told | punct |
| 9 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 11 told | cc |
| 10 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 11 told | nsubj |
| 11 | told | tell | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 helped | conj |
| 12 | these | this | DET | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 13 things | det |
| 13 | things | thing | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 told | obj |
| 14 | to | to | ADP | _ | 16 people | case |
| 15 | her | her | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 16 people | nmod:poss |
| 16 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 told | obl |
| 17 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 helped | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | help | past | Hinun | White Cloud | many ways | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cloud=Beneficiary | |||
| 2 | tell speech: assert | past | Cloud | this things | Cloud's people | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent thing=Topic to people=Recipient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73136/41/47/