Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, XVII. How the Indians Came to Know Medicine Plants, sentence 4
Many winters ago a poor, sickly old man came to an Indian village.
Who acts: Many winters · What happens: come · To what, where: Indian village
This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, XVII. How the Indians Came to Know Medicine Plants. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Many winters), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 winters | amod |
| 2 | winters | winter | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 came | nsubj |
| 3 | ago | ago | ADV | _ | 10 came | advmod |
| 4 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 9 man | det |
| 5 | poor | poor | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 man | amod |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 5 poor | punct |
| 7 | sickly | sickly | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 man | amod |
| 8 | old | old | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 man | amod |
| 9 | man | man | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 came | nsubj |
| 10 | came | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 11 | to | to | ADP | _ | 14 village | case |
| 12 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 14 village | det |
| 13 | Indian | Indian | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 village | amod |
| 14 | village | village | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 came | obl |
| 15 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 10 came | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | come | past | Many winters | a Indian village | a poor sickly old man nsubj; ago property | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme to village=Initial_Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73136/42/4/