Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, XIX. the Marriage of Mondahmin, sentence 12
All the people were drowned excepting one young chief who had kindness in his heart.
Who acts: one young chief · What happens: drown, except, have · To what, where: people, one young chief, kindness, heart
This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, XIX. the Marriage of Mondahmin. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (one young chief), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | All | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 3 people | det:predet |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 people | det |
| 3 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 drowned | nsubj:pass |
| 4 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 drowned | aux:pass |
| 5 | drowned | drown | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 6 | excepting | except | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 5 drowned | advcl |
| 7 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 9 chief | nummod |
| 8 | young | young | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 chief | amod |
| 9 | chief | chief | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 excepting | obj |
| 10 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 11 had | nsubj |
| 11 | had | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 chief | acl:relcl |
| 12 | kindness | kindness | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 had | obj |
| 13 | in | in | ADP | _ | 15 heart | case |
| 14 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 15 heart | nmod:poss |
| 15 | heart | heart | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 kindness | nmod |
| 16 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 drowned | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | drown | past · passive | all people | vn poison-42.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient | |||||
| 2 | except | gerund | one young chief | tree rules | |||||
| 3 | have | past | one young chief | kindness | other's heart | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent kindness=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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