Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, XIX. the Marriage of Mondahmin, sentence 2

The old chiefs tell the young men, and all who will listen, that two great spirits rule the world.

Who acts: old chiefs, all, two great spirits · What happens: tell, listen, rule · To what, where: young men, world · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, XIX. the Marriage of Mondahmin. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (old chiefs, all, two great spirits), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 chiefs	det
2	old	old	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 chiefs	amod
3	chiefs	chief	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 tell	nsubj
4	tell	tell	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 men	det
6	young	young	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 men	amod
7	men	man	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 tell	obj
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 listen	punct
9	and	and	CCONJ	_	13 listen	cc
10	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	13 listen	nsubj
11	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	13 listen	nsubj
12	will	will	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	13 listen	aux
13	listen	listen	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 tell	parataxis
14	,	,	PUNCT	_	19 rule	punct
15	that	that	SCONJ	_	19 rule	mark
16	two	two	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	18 spirits	nummod
17	great	great	ADJ	Degree=Pos	18 spirits	amod
18	spirits	spirit	NOUN	Number=Plur	19 rule	nsubj
19	rule	rule	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	13 listen	parataxis
20	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	21 world	det
21	world	world	NOUN	Number=Sing	19 rule	obj
22	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 tell	punct

Pragmatics

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	other	roles by
1	tell speech: assert	present	the old chiefs		the young men		vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent man=Recipient
2	listen	future	all			who nsubj	vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent
3	rule	present	two great spirits	the world			vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent world=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

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🌲 Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, XIX. the Marriage of Mondahmin, sentence 2

The tree

Pragmatics

Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, XIX. the Marriage of Mondahmin, sentence 2