Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, XIX. the Marriage of Mondahmin, sentence 27
She did not see him, but her brother was watching, and he laughed when Wapako the pumpkin rolled over and down the hill.
Who acts: girl, brother, visitor · What happens: not see, watch, laugh, roll · To what, where: visitor, pumpkin
This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, XIX. the Marriage of Mondahmin. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (girl, brother, visitor), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | She | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 see | nsubj |
| 2 | did | do | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 see | aux |
| 3 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 4 see | advmod |
| 4 | see | see | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 5 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 see | obj |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 watching | punct |
| 7 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 11 watching | cc |
| 8 | her | her | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 9 brother | nmod:poss |
| 9 | brother | brother | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 watching | nsubj |
| 10 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 11 watching | aux |
| 11 | watching | watch | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 4 see | advcl |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 laughed | punct |
| 13 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 15 laughed | cc |
| 14 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 15 laughed | nsubj |
| 15 | laughed | laugh | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 see | parataxis |
| 16 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 15 laughed | advmod |
| 17 | Wapako | Wapako | PROPN | Number=Sing | 16 when | nsubj |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 pumpkin | det |
| 19 | pumpkin | pumpkin | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 when | nsubj |
| 20 | rolled | roll | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 19 pumpkin | acl |
| 21 | over | over | ADV | _ | 20 rolled | advmod |
| 22 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 25 hill | cc |
| 23 | down | down | ADP | _ | 25 hill | case |
| 24 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 25 hill | det |
| 25 | hill | hill | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 over | conj |
| 26 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 see | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | not see | past · do-support | girl | visitor | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer he=Stimulus | ||||
| 2 | watch | past · progressive | girl's brother | vn search-35.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 3 | laugh | past | visitor | vn nonverbal_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 4 | roll | participle | the pumpkin not said here | over property | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73136/44/27/