Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, XXII. an Indian Temperance Speech, sentence 28
He fell like a tree torn by lightning, with its green leaves withered on its branches.
Who acts: Joy · What happens: fall, tear, wither · To what, where: tree, green leaves, branches
This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, XXII. an Indian Temperance Speech. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Joy), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 fell | nsubj |
| 2 | fell | fall | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | like | like | ADP | _ | 5 tree | case |
| 4 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 5 tree | det |
| 5 | tree | tree | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 fell | obl |
| 6 | torn | tear | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 5 tree | acl |
| 7 | by | by | ADP | _ | 8 lightning | case |
| 8 | lightning | lightning | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 torn | obl |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 leaves | punct |
| 10 | with | with | ADP | _ | 13 leaves | case |
| 11 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 13 leaves | nmod:poss |
| 12 | green | green | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 leaves | amod |
| 13 | leaves | leaf | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 fell | obl |
| 14 | withered | wither | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 13 leaves | acl |
| 15 | on | on | ADP | _ | 17 branches | case |
| 16 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 17 branches | nmod:poss |
| 17 | branches | branch | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 withered | obl |
| 18 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 fell | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | fall | past | Joy | like a tree; with tree's green leaves | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 2 | tear | participle | a tree not said here | by lightning | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme by lightning=Trajectory | ||||
| 3 | wither | participle | tree's green leaves not said here | tree's branches | vn entity_specific_cos-45.5 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73136/47/28/