Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, XXIII. the Girl Who Became a Pine Tree, sentence 28
She did not come back at sunset; then her parents believed that the war chief had carried away his bride; but the next day he came asking for Leelinaw or his gifts.
Who acts: Leelinaw, parents, deerskin · What happens: not come back, believe, carry away, come, ask, gift · To what, where: war chief · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, XXIII. the Girl Who Became a Pine Tree. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Leelinaw, parents, deerskin), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | She | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 come | nsubj |
| 2 | did | do | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 come | aux |
| 3 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 4 come | advmod |
| 4 | come | come | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 5 | back | back | ADV | _ | 4 come | advmod |
| 6 | at | at | ADP | _ | 7 sunset | case |
| 7 | sunset | sunset | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 come | obl |
| 8 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 12 believed | punct |
| 9 | then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 12 believed | advmod |
| 10 | her | her | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 11 parents | nmod:poss |
| 11 | parents | parent | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 believed | nsubj |
| 12 | believed | believe | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 come | advcl |
| 13 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 18 carried | mark |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 chief | det |
| 15 | war | war | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 chief | compound |
| 16 | chief | chief | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 carried | nsubj:pass |
| 17 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 18 carried | aux |
| 18 | carried | carry | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 12 believed | ccomp |
| 19 | away | away | ADV | _ | 18 carried | advmod |
| 20 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 21 bride | nmod:poss |
| 21 | bride | bride | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 carried | obj |
| 22 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 28 came | punct |
| 23 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 28 came | cc |
| 24 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 26 day | det |
| 25 | next | next | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 26 day | amod |
| 26 | day | day | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 came | obl:unmarked |
| 27 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 28 came | nsubj |
| 28 | came | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 12 believed | conj |
| 29 | asking | ask | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 28 came | xcomp |
| 30 | for | for | ADP | _ | 31 Leelinaw | case |
| 31 | Leelinaw | Leelinaw | PROPN | Number=Sing | 29 asking | obl |
| 32 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 34 gifts | cc |
| 33 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 34 gifts | nmod:poss |
| 34 | gifts | gift | NOUN | Number=Plur | 31 Leelinaw | conj |
| 35 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 come | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | not come back | past · do-support | Leelinaw | sunset | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 2 | believe | past | Leelinaw's parents | then | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | ||||
| 3 | carry away | past · perfect · passive | the war chief | deerskin's bride obj; away property | vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP NP»: subject=Beneficiary bride=Value | ||||
| 4 | come | past | deerskin | day | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | ask speech: ask | gerund | deerskin not said here | for Leelinaw or deerskin's gifts | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 6 | gift | deerskin | nom gift «possession transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73136/48/28/