Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, XXIV. the White Stone Canoe, sentence 22
The air was warm; there were no dark snow clouds in the sky.
Who acts: air, dark snow clouds · What happens: be
This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, XXIV. the White Stone Canoe. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (air, dark snow clouds), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 air | det |
| 2 | air | air | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 warm | nsubj |
| 3 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 warm | cop |
| 4 | warm | warm | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 5 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 7 were | punct |
| 6 | there | there | PRON | PronType=Dem | 7 were | expl |
| 7 | were | be | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 warm | conj |
| 8 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 11 clouds | det |
| 9 | dark | dark | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 clouds | amod |
| 10 | snow | snow | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 clouds | compound |
| 11 | clouds | cloud | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 were | nsubj |
| 12 | in | in | ADP | _ | 14 sky | case |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 sky | det |
| 14 | sky | sky | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 clouds | nmod |
| 15 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 warm | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | past | the air | warm property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | be | past | no dark snow clouds in the sky | there | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73136/49/22/