Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, XXIV. the White Stone Canoe, sentence 54
They were only the souls or shadows of trees.
Who acts: things · What happens: be, shadow · To what, where: souls, trees
This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, XXIV. the White Stone Canoe. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (things), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | They | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 5 souls | nsubj |
| 2 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 souls | cop |
| 3 | only | only | ADV | _ | 5 souls | advmod |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 souls | det |
| 5 | souls | soul | NOUN | Number=Plur | root | root |
| 6 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 7 shadows | cc |
| 7 | shadows | shadow | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 souls | conj |
| 8 | of | of | ADP | _ | 9 trees | case |
| 9 | trees | tree | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 shadows | nmod |
| 10 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 souls | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | past | things = thing | the souls or shadows of trees | shadows of trees conj | tree rules | |||
| 2 | shadow | trees | nom shadow «state transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73136/49/54/