Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, XXVI. the North Star, sentence 21

There was no rain, and the hunters had no water; they lost their strength and could not walk on the trail.

Who acts: rain, hunters · What happens: be, have, lose, not walk · To what, where: water, strength, trail

This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, XXVI. the North Star. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (rain, hunters), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	There	there	PRON	PronType=Dem	2 was	expl
2	was	be	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	4 rain	det
4	rain	rain	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 was	nsubj
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 had	punct
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 had	cc
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 hunters	det
8	hunters	hunter	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 had	nsubj
9	had	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	2 was	parataxis
10	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	11 water	det
11	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 had	obj
12	;	;	PUNCT	_	14 lost	punct
13	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	14 lost	nsubj
14	lost	lose	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	2 was	parataxis
15	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	16 strength	nmod:poss
16	strength	strength	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 lost	obj
17	and	and	CCONJ	_	20 walk	cc
18	could	could	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	20 walk	aux
19	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	20 walk	advmod
20	walk	walk	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	14 lost	conj
21	on	on	ADP	_	23 trail	case
22	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	23 trail	det
23	trail	trail	NOUN	Number=Sing	20 walk	obl
24	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 was	punct

Pragmatics

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	roles by
1	be	past	no rain		there	vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	have	past	the hunters	no water		vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent water=Patient
3	lose	past	hunters = hunter	hunters's strength		vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent strength=Eventuality
4	not walk	could	hunters = hunter not said here		the trail	vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on trail=Trajectory

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73136/51/21/

🌲 Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, XXVI. the North Star, sentence 21

The tree

Pragmatics

Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, XXVI. the North Star, sentence 21