Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, XXVI. the North Star, sentence 24
They could not smoke the pipe of peace, for their strength was all gone.
Who acts: hunters, strength · What happens: not smoke, be · To what, where: pipe
This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, XXVI. the North Star. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (hunters, strength), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | They | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 smoke | nsubj |
| 2 | could | could | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 4 smoke | aux |
| 3 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 4 smoke | advmod |
| 4 | smoke | smoke | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 pipe | det |
| 6 | pipe | pipe | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 smoke | obj |
| 7 | of | of | ADP | _ | 8 peace | case |
| 8 | peace | peace | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 pipe | nmod |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 gone | punct |
| 10 | for | for | SCONJ | _ | 15 gone | mark |
| 11 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 12 strength | nmod:poss |
| 12 | strength | strength | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 gone | nsubj |
| 13 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 15 gone | cop |
| 14 | all | all | ADV | _ | 15 gone | advmod |
| 15 | gone | gone | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 smoke | advcl |
| 16 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 smoke | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | not smoke | could | hunters = hunter | the pipe of peace | vn eat-39.1-1-1 «NP V NP.source»: agent=Agent pipe=Source | ||||
| 2 | is | past | hunters's strength | all, gone property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73136/51/24/