Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, XXVI. the North Star, sentence 28
The chief was like a little papoose, but he knew all the trails in the forest.
Who acts: chief · What happens: be, know · To what, where: trails, forest
This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, XXVI. the North Star. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (chief), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 chief | det |
| 2 | chief | chief | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 papoose | nsubj |
| 3 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 7 papoose | cop |
| 4 | like | like | ADP | _ | 7 papoose | case |
| 5 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 7 papoose | det |
| 6 | little | little | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 papoose | amod |
| 7 | papoose | papoose | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 knew | punct |
| 9 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 11 knew | cc |
| 10 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 11 knew | nsubj |
| 11 | knew | know | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 7 papoose | parataxis |
| 12 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 14 trails | det:predet |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 trails | det |
| 14 | trails | trail | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 knew | obj |
| 15 | in | in | ADP | _ | 17 forest | case |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 forest | det |
| 17 | forest | forest | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 knew | obl |
| 18 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 papoose | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | past | the chief | like a little papoose | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | know | past | chief | all trails | the forest | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer trail=Stimulus |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73136/51/28/