Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, XXVI. the North Star, sentence 31
The little chief showed them how to watch this star and not lose their trail.
Who acts: little chief · What happens: show, watch, not lose · To what, where: words, star, trail
This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, XXVI. the North Star. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (little chief), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 chief | det |
| 2 | little | little | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 chief | amod |
| 3 | chief | chief | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 showed | nsubj |
| 4 | showed | show | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 showed | obj |
| 6 | how | how | ADV | PronType=Int | 8 watch | advmod |
| 7 | to | to | PART | _ | 8 watch | mark |
| 8 | watch | watch | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 4 showed | advcl |
| 9 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 10 star | det |
| 10 | star | star | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 watch | obj |
| 11 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 13 lose | cc |
| 12 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 13 lose | advmod |
| 13 | lose | lose | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 8 watch | conj |
| 14 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 15 trail | nmod:poss |
| 15 | trail | trail | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 lose | obj |
| 16 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 showed | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | show | past | the little chief | words = word | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent they=Recipient | ||||
| 2 | watch | to-infinitive | the little chief not said here | this star | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent star=Theme | ||||
| 3 | not lose | infinitive | the little chief not said here | words's trail | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent trail=Eventuality |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73136/51/31/