Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, XXVII. the Star That Never Moves, sentence 29
Singing, humming, whirling, they seemed to fill the air.
Who acts: Spirits · What happens: sing, hum, whirl, seem, fill · To what, where: air
This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, XXVII. the Star That Never Moves. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Spirits), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Singing | sing | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 8 seemed | advcl |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 3 humming | punct |
| 3 | humming | hum | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 1 Singing | conj |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 5 whirling | punct |
| 5 | whirling | whirl | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 1 Singing | conj |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 Singing | punct |
| 7 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 8 seemed | nsubj |
| 8 | seemed | seem | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 9 | to | to | PART | _ | 10 fill | mark |
| 10 | fill | fill | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 8 seemed | xcomp |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 air | det |
| 12 | air | air | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 fill | obj |
| 13 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 8 seemed | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | sing speech: express | gerund | Spirits = spirit not said here | vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 2 | hum | gerund | Spirits = spirit not said here | vn bulge-47.5.3 «NP V»: agent=Location | |||||
| 3 | whirl | gerund | Spirits = spirit not said here | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 4 | seem | past | Spirits = spirit | vn seem-109-1-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Theme clause=Attribute | |||||
| 5 | fill | to-infinitive | Spirits = spirit not said here | the air | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent air=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73136/52/29/