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Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, XXIX. the Old Man in the Sky, sentence 9

While they were watching they saw him slowly rise in the air; his voice sounded fainter and fainter; the spirits of the four winds raised him to the Great Star Lodge.

Who acts: people, Man, voice, spirits · What happens: watch, see, rise, sound, raise · To what, where: air, Man, Star Lodge · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, XXIX. the Old Man in the Sky. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (people, Man, voice, spirits), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.

The tree

marknsubjauxadvclnsubjnsubjadvmodccompcasedetoblpunctnmod:possnsubjconjxcompccconjpunctdetnsubjcasedetnummodnmodconjobjcasedetamodcompoundoblpunctrootWhileSCONJtheyPRONwereAUXwatchingVERBtheyPRONsawVERBhimPRONslowlyADVriseVERBinADPtheDETairNOUN;PUNCThisPRONvoiceNOUNsoundedVERBfainterADJandCCONJfainterADJ;PUNCTtheDETspiritsNOUNofADPtheDETfourNUMwindsNOUNraisedVERBhimPRONtoADPtheDETGreatADJStarPROPNLodgePROPN.PUNCT
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
#wordlemmaUPOSfeaturesheadrelation
1WhilewhileSCONJ_4 watchingmark
2theytheyPRONCase=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs4 watchingnsubj
3werebeAUXMood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin4 watchingaux
4watchingwatchVERBTense=Pres VerbForm=Part6 sawadvcl
5theytheyPRONCase=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs6 sawnsubj
6sawseeVERBMood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Finrootroot
7himhePRONCase=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs9 risensubj
8slowlyslowlyADV_9 riseadvmod
9riseriseVERBMood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin6 sawccomp
10ininADP_12 aircase
11thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art12 airdet
12airairNOUNNumber=Sing9 riseobl
13;;PUNCT_16 soundedpunct
14hishisPRONCase=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs15 voicenmod:poss
15voicevoiceNOUNNumber=Sing16 soundednsubj
16soundedsoundVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin6 sawconj
17fainterfaintADJDegree=Cmp16 soundedxcomp
18andandCCONJ_19 faintercc
19fainterfaintADJDegree=Cmp17 fainterconj
20;;PUNCT_27 raisedpunct
21thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art22 spiritsdet
22spiritsspiritNOUNNumber=Plur27 raisednsubj
23ofofADP_26 windscase
24thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art26 windsdet
25fourfourNUMNumForm=Word NumType=Card26 windsnummod
26windswindNOUNNumber=Plur22 spiritsnmod
27raisedraiseVERBMood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin6 sawconj
28himhePRONCase=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs27 raisedobj
29totoADP_33 Lodgecase
30thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art33 Lodgedet
31GreatGreatADJDegree=Pos32 Staramod
32StarStarPROPNNumber=Sing33 Lodgecompound
33LodgeLodgePROPNNumber=Sing27 raisedobl
34..PUNCT_6 sawpunct

Pragmatics

#verbtense, moodwhowhat, whomto whomwherewhenotherroles by
1watchpast · progressivepeoplevn search-35.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent
2seepastpeoplevn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus
3risepresentManthe airslowly propertyvn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in air=Location
4soundpastMan's voicefaint propertyvn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus
5raisepastthe spirits of the four windsManthe Star Lodgevn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent he=Theme to lodge=Destination

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73136/54/9/