Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, XXXIII. the Chipmunk’s Black Stripes, sentence 5
When the animals were all seated in a ring around the council fire, he asked them this question: “Shall we have night all the time or daylight?”
Who acts: porcupine, we · What happens: seat, ask, have · To what, where: animals, ring, question · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, XXXIII. the Chipmunk’s Black Stripes. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (porcupine, we), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | When | when | SCONJ | _ | 6 seated | mark |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 animals | det |
| 3 | animals | animal | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 seated | nsubj:pass |
| 4 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 6 seated | aux:pass |
| 5 | all | all | ADV | _ | 6 seated | advmod |
| 6 | seated | seat | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 16 asked | advcl |
| 7 | in | in | ADP | _ | 9 ring | case |
| 8 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 9 ring | det |
| 9 | ring | ring | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 seated | obl |
| 10 | around | around | ADP | _ | 13 fire | case |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 fire | det |
| 12 | council | council | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 fire | compound |
| 13 | fire | fire | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 ring | nmod |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 6 seated | punct |
| 15 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 16 asked | nsubj |
| 16 | asked | ask | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 17 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 16 asked | obj |
| 18 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 19 question | det |
| 19 | question | question | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 asked | obj |
| 20 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 24 have | punct |
| 21 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 24 have | punct |
| 22 | Shall | shall | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 24 have | aux |
| 23 | we | we | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 24 have | nsubj |
| 24 | have | have | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 19 question | appos |
| 25 | night | night | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 have | obj |
| 26 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 28 time | det:predet |
| 27 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 28 time | det |
| 28 | time | time | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 have | obj |
| 29 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 30 daylight | cc |
| 30 | daylight | daylight | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 time | conj |
| 31 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 24 have | punct |
| 32 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 24 have | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | seat | past · passive | the animals | a ring around the council fire | all property | vn fit-54.3 «NP V NP PP.location»: subject=Value in ring=Location | |||
| 2 | ask speech: ask | past | porcupine | this question | animals = animal | tree rules | |||
| 3 | have in a quote | shall | we | night; time | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73136/58/5/