Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, XXXIV. the Echo God and the Northern Lights, sentence 19
If the Northern Lights were white, it was believed that the frost would shortly follow; if yellow, sickness and much trouble to the nation was feared; while if the lights were red, very red, war and bloodshed were on their way to harm the innocent.
Who acts: Northern Lights, frost, lights, white · What happens: be, believe, follow, fear, harm · To what, where: color, yellow sickness, way, innocent
This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, XXXIV. the Echo God and the Northern Lights. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Northern Lights, frost, lights, white), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | If | if | SCONJ | _ | 6 white | mark |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 Lights | det |
| 3 | Northern | northern | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 Lights | amod |
| 4 | Lights | Light | PROPN | Number=Plur | 6 white | nsubj |
| 5 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 6 white | cop |
| 6 | white | white | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 47 way | nsubj |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 believed | punct |
| 8 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 10 believed | nsubj:pass |
| 9 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 10 believed | aux:pass |
| 10 | believed | believe | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 6 white | advcl |
| 11 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 16 follow | mark |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 frost | det |
| 13 | frost | frost | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 follow | nsubj |
| 14 | would | would | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 16 follow | aux |
| 15 | shortly | shortly | ADV | _ | 16 follow | advmod |
| 16 | follow | follow | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 10 believed | advcl |
| 17 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 29 feared | punct |
| 18 | if | if | SCONJ | _ | 29 feared | mark |
| 19 | yellow | yellow | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 21 sickness | amod |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 sickness | punct |
| 21 | sickness | sickness | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 feared | nsubj:pass |
| 22 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 24 trouble | cc |
| 23 | much | much | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 24 trouble | amod |
| 24 | trouble | trouble | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 sickness | conj |
| 25 | to | to | ADP | _ | 27 nation | case |
| 26 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 27 nation | det |
| 27 | nation | nation | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 trouble | nmod |
| 28 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 29 feared | aux:pass |
| 29 | feared | fear | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 10 believed | conj |
| 30 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 36 red | punct |
| 31 | while | while | SCONJ | _ | 36 red | mark |
| 32 | if | if | SCONJ | _ | 36 red | mark |
| 33 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 34 lights | det |
| 34 | lights | light | NOUN | Number=Plur | 36 red | nsubj |
| 35 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 36 red | cop |
| 36 | red | red | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 white | conj |
| 37 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 39 red | punct |
| 38 | very | very | ADV | _ | 39 red | advmod |
| 39 | red | red | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 36 red | conj |
| 40 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 41 war | punct |
| 41 | war | war | NOUN | Number=Sing | 39 red | conj |
| 42 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 43 bloodshed | cc |
| 43 | bloodshed | bloodshed | NOUN | Number=Sing | 41 war | conj |
| 44 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 47 way | cop |
| 45 | on | on | ADP | _ | 47 way | case |
| 46 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 47 way | nmod:poss |
| 47 | way | way | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 48 | to | to | PART | _ | 49 harm | mark |
| 49 | harm | harm | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 47 way | acl |
| 50 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 51 innocent | det |
| 51 | innocent | innocent | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 49 harm | obj |
| 52 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 47 way | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a condition, not said to happen | past | the Northern Lights | white property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | believe | past · passive | color | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Stimulus | |||||
| 3 | follow | would | the frost | shortly property | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 4 | fear a condition, not said to happen | past · passive | yellow sickness and much trouble to the nation | vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Stimulus | |||||
| 5 | is a condition, not said to happen | past | the lights | red property | tree rules | ||||
| 6 | be | the lights not said here | war and bloodshed conj | tree rules | |||||
| 7 | is | past | white | Lights's way | Lights = light nmod:poss | tree rules | |||
| 8 | harm | to-infinitive | the innocent | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus innocent=Experiencer |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73136/59/19/