Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, Some Things the Indians Knew Before White Men Came, sentence 11
Their roving habits as hunters gave them little time for house-building, and so their homes were simply tents made of strips of bark or, better yet, of large buffalo or deer hides, neatly sewed together for this purpose.
Who acts: hunters, homes, roving habits · What happens: give, be, make, hide, sew · To what, where: points, tents
This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Some Things the Indians Knew Before White Men Came. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (hunters, homes, roving habits), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 3 habits | nmod:poss |
| 2 | roving | roving | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 habits | compound |
| 3 | habits | habit | NOUN | Number=Plur | 37 hides | nsubj |
| 4 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 6 gave | mark |
| 5 | hunters | hunter | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 gave | nsubj |
| 6 | gave | give | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 habits | advcl |
| 7 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 6 gave | iobj |
| 8 | little | little | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 time | amod |
| 9 | time | time | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 gave | obj |
| 10 | for | for | ADP | _ | 13 building | case |
| 11 | house | house | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 building | compound |
| 12 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 11 house | punct |
| 13 | building | building | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 time | nmod |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 tents | punct |
| 15 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 21 tents | cc |
| 16 | so | so | ADV | _ | 21 tents | advmod |
| 17 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 18 homes | nmod:poss |
| 18 | homes | home | NOUN | Number=Plur | 21 tents | nsubj |
| 19 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 21 tents | cop |
| 20 | simply | simply | ADV | _ | 21 tents | advmod |
| 21 | tents | tent | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 habits | conj |
| 22 | made | make | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 21 tents | acl |
| 23 | of | of | ADP | _ | 24 strips | case |
| 24 | strips | strip | NOUN | Number=Plur | 22 made | obl |
| 25 | of | of | ADP | _ | 26 bark | case |
| 26 | bark | bark | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 strips | nmod |
| 27 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 30 yet | cc |
| 28 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 27 or | punct |
| 29 | better | well | ADV | Degree=Cmp | 30 yet | advmod |
| 30 | yet | yet | ADV | _ | 22 made | conj |
| 31 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 34 buffalo | punct |
| 32 | of | of | ADP | _ | 34 buffalo | case |
| 33 | large | large | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 34 buffalo | amod |
| 34 | buffalo | buffalo | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 made | obl |
| 35 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 36 deer | cc |
| 36 | deer | deer | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 buffalo | conj |
| 37 | hides | hide | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 38 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 40 sewed | punct |
| 39 | neatly | neatly | ADV | _ | 40 sewed | advmod |
| 40 | sewed | sew | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 37 hides | conj |
| 41 | together | together | ADV | _ | 40 sewed | advmod |
| 42 | for | for | ADP | _ | 44 purpose | case |
| 43 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 44 purpose | det |
| 44 | purpose | purpose | NOUN | Number=Sing | 40 sewed | obl |
| 45 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 37 hides | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | give | past | hunters | points = point | time | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme | |||
| 2 | is a | past | points's homes | tents | simply property | tree rules | |||
| 3 | make | participle | tents not said here | of strips of bark; of large buffalo or deer | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset | ||||
| 4 | hide | present | points's roving habits and tents | vn concealment-16-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 5 | sew | participle | points's roving habits and tents not said here | for this purpose; neatly, together property | vn build-26.1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent for purpose=Beneficiary |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73136/6/11/