Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, Some Things the Indians Knew Before White Men Came, sentence 17
The Village Indians have for centuries planted and cared for maize, pumpkins, beans, and other vegetables.
Who acts: Village Indians · What happens: have, plant, care · To what, where: centuries
This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Some Things the Indians Knew Before White Men Came. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Village Indians), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 Indians | det |
| 2 | Village | Village | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 Indians | compound |
| 3 | Indians | Indian | PROPN | Number=Plur | 4 have | nsubj |
| 4 | have | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | for | for | ADP | _ | 6 centuries | case |
| 6 | centuries | century | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 have | obl |
| 7 | planted | plant | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 6 centuries | acl |
| 8 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 9 cared | cc |
| 9 | cared | care | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 7 planted | conj |
| 10 | for | for | ADP | _ | 11 maize | case |
| 11 | maize | maize | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 cared | obl |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 pumpkins | punct |
| 13 | pumpkins | pumpkin | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 maize | conj |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 beans | punct |
| 15 | beans | bean | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 pumpkins | conj |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 vegetables | punct |
| 17 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 19 vegetables | cc |
| 18 | other | other | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 19 vegetables | amod |
| 19 | vegetables | vegetable | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 have | parataxis |
| 20 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 have | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | have | present | the Village Indians | century | other vegetables parataxis | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | |||
| 2 | plant | participle | centuries not said here | vn establish-55.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 3 | care | participle | for maize and pumpkins and beans | vn caring-75.2-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent for maize=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73136/6/17/