Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, Some Things the Indians Knew Before White Men Came, sentence 24
Wampum, used by so many tribes for money, was carefully made from shells by eastern Indians.
Who acts: eastern Indians · What happens: use, make · To what, where: Wampum, shells
This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Some Things the Indians Knew Before White Men Came. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (eastern Indians), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Wampum | wampum | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 made | nsubj:pass |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 3 used | punct |
| 3 | used | use | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 1 Wampum | acl |
| 4 | by | by | ADP | _ | 7 tribes | case |
| 5 | so | so | ADV | _ | 6 many | advmod |
| 6 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 tribes | amod |
| 7 | tribes | tribe | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 used | obl |
| 8 | for | for | ADP | _ | 9 money | case |
| 9 | money | money | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 tribes | nmod |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 Wampum | punct |
| 11 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 13 made | aux:pass |
| 12 | carefully | carefully | ADV | _ | 13 made | advmod |
| 13 | made | make | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 14 | from | from | ADP | _ | 15 shells | case |
| 15 | shells | shell | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 made | obl |
| 16 | by | by | ADP | _ | 18 Indians | case |
| 17 | eastern | eastern | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 18 Indians | amod |
| 18 | Indians | Indian | PROPN | Number=Plur | 13 made | obl |
| 19 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 13 made | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | use | participle | Wampum not said here | by many tribes for money | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 2 | make | past · passive | eastern Indians | Wampum | shells | carefully property | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP.product PP.material»: agent=Agent subject=Product from shell=Material |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73136/6/24/