Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, Some Things the Indians Knew Before White Men Came, sentence 4
He makes it secretly in the dark forest, and white men have tried for years to solve the problem of its swiftness.
Who acts: Sound, white men · What happens: make, try, solve · To what, where: strength, dark forest, problem
This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Some Things the Indians Knew Before White Men Came. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Sound, white men), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 makes | nsubj |
| 2 | makes | make | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 makes | obj |
| 4 | secretly | secretly | ADV | _ | 2 makes | advmod |
| 5 | in | in | ADP | _ | 8 forest | case |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 forest | det |
| 7 | dark | dark | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 forest | amod |
| 8 | forest | forest | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 makes | obl |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 tried | punct |
| 10 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 14 tried | cc |
| 11 | white | white | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 men | amod |
| 12 | men | man | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 tried | nsubj |
| 13 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 14 tried | aux |
| 14 | tried | try | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 2 makes | parataxis |
| 15 | for | for | ADP | _ | 16 years | case |
| 16 | years | year | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 tried | obl |
| 17 | to | to | PART | _ | 18 solve | mark |
| 18 | solve | solve | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 14 tried | xcomp |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 problem | det |
| 20 | problem | problem | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 solve | obj |
| 21 | of | of | ADP | _ | 23 swiftness | case |
| 22 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 23 swiftness | nmod:poss |
| 23 | swiftness | swiftness | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 problem | nmod |
| 24 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 makes | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | make | present | Sound | strength | the dark forest | secretly property | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Product | ||
| 2 | try | present · perfect | white men | year | vn try-61.1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality | ||||
| 3 | solve not said to happen | to-infinitive | white men not said here | the problem of strength's swiftness | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent problem=Topic |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73136/6/4/