Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, XXXV. Legend of Mackinaw Island, sentence 21
He took courage and asked her to help him bear his sorrows.
Who acts: Osseo · What happens: take, ask, help, bear, sorrow · To what, where: courage, Oweenee, Osseo, sorrows
This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, XXXV. Legend of Mackinaw Island. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Osseo), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 took | nsubj |
| 2 | took | take | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | courage | courage | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 took | obj |
| 4 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 5 asked | cc |
| 5 | asked | ask | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 took | conj |
| 6 | her | she | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 5 asked | iobj |
| 7 | to | to | PART | _ | 8 help | mark |
| 8 | help | help | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 5 asked | xcomp |
| 9 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 8 help | obj |
| 10 | bear | bear | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 8 help | xcomp |
| 11 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 12 sorrows | nmod:poss |
| 12 | sorrows | sorrow | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 bear | obj |
| 13 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 took | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | take | past | Osseo | courage | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent courage=Theme | ||||
| 2 | ask speech: ask | past | Osseo not said here | Oweenee | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP whether S_INF»: agent=Agent she=Recipient clause=Topic | ||||
| 3 | help not said to happen | to-infinitive | Osseo not said here | Osseo | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent he=Beneficiary clause=Theme | ||||
| 4 | bear not said to happen | infinitive | Osseo not said here | Osseo's sorrows | vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sorrow=Patient | ||||
| 5 | sorrow | Osseo | nom sorrow «feeling intransitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73136/60/21/