Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, XXXVII. the North Wind’s Defeat, sentence 16
Every day he went as before and pulled up the rushes and reeds from the ice, and dived down for the fish which were always there.
Who acts: fire, fish · What happens: go, pull up, dive down, be · To what, where: rushes, ice
This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, XXXVII. the North Wind’s Defeat. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (fire, fish), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Every | every | DET | PronType=Tot | 2 day | det |
| 2 | day | day | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 went | obl:unmarked |
| 3 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 went | nsubj |
| 4 | went | go | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | as | as | ADV | _ | 6 before | advmod |
| 6 | before | before | ADV | _ | 4 went | advmod |
| 7 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 8 pulled | cc |
| 8 | pulled | pull | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 went | conj |
| 9 | up | up | ADP | _ | 8 pulled | compound:prt |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 rushes | det |
| 11 | rushes | rush | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 pulled | obj |
| 12 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 13 reeds | cc |
| 13 | reeds | reed | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 rushes | conj |
| 14 | from | from | ADP | _ | 16 ice | case |
| 15 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 ice | det |
| 16 | ice | ice | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 pulled | obl |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 dived | punct |
| 18 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 19 dived | cc |
| 19 | dived | dive | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 went | conj |
| 20 | down | down | ADP | _ | 19 dived | compound:prt |
| 21 | for | for | ADP | _ | 23 fish | case |
| 22 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 23 fish | det |
| 23 | fish | fish | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 dived | obl |
| 24 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 27 there | nsubj |
| 25 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 27 there | cop |
| 26 | always | always | ADV | PronType=Tot | 27 there | advmod |
| 27 | there | there | ADV | PronType=Dem | 23 fish | acl:relcl |
| 28 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 went | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | go | past | fire | day | before property | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||
| 2 | pull up | past | fire not said here | the rushes and reeds | the ice | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP PP.initial_location»: agent=Agent rush=Theme from ice=Initial_Location | |||
| 3 | dive down | past | fire not said here | for the fish | vn search-35.2 «NP V PP.theme NP.location»: agent=Agent for fish=Theme | ||||
| 4 | is | past | the fish | always, there property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73136/62/16/