Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, XXXVII. the North Wind’s Defeat, sentence 35
“Shingebis shall have no more fish,” said the ice-cold wind.
Who acts: Shingebis, cold wind · What happens: have, say · To what, where: more fish · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, XXXVII. the North Wind’s Defeat. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Shingebis, cold wind), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 4 have | punct |
| 2 | Shingebis | Shingebi | PROPN | Number=Plur | 4 have | nsubj |
| 3 | shall | shall | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 4 have | aux |
| 4 | have | have | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 10 said | ccomp |
| 5 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 7 fish | det |
| 6 | more | more | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 7 fish | amod |
| 7 | fish | fish | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 have | obj |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 4 have | punct |
| 9 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 4 have | punct |
| 10 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 wind | det |
| 12 | ice | ice | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 cold | compound |
| 13 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 12 ice | punct |
| 14 | cold | cold | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 wind | amod |
| 15 | wind | wind | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 said | obj |
| 16 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 10 said | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | have in a quote | shall | Shingebis | no more fish | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fish=Patient | ||||
| 2 | say speech: assert | past | the cold wind | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73136/62/35/