Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, XXXVII. the North Wind’s Defeat, sentence 42

When the four logs were burned and the four cold moons had passed, Shingebis still laughed and sang in his lodge by the water.

Who acts: Shingebis · What happens: burn, pass, laugh, sing · To what, where: four logs, four cold moons, lodge

This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, XXXVII. the North Wind’s Defeat. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Shingebis), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	When	when	SCONJ	_	6 burned	mark
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 logs	det
3	four	four	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	4 logs	nummod
4	logs	log	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 burned	nsubj:pass
5	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	6 burned	aux:pass
6	burned	burn	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	17 laughed	advcl
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	13 passed	cc
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 moons	det
9	four	four	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	11 moons	nummod
10	cold	cold	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 moons	amod
11	moons	moon	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 passed	nsubj:pass
12	had	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	13 passed	aux
13	passed	pass	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	6 burned	conj
14	,	,	PUNCT	_	6 burned	punct
15	Shingebis	Shingebis	PROPN	Number=Sing	17 laughed	nsubj
16	still	still	ADV	_	17 laughed	advmod
17	laughed	laugh	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
18	and	and	CCONJ	_	19 sang	cc
19	sang	sing	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	17 laughed	conj
20	in	in	ADP	_	22 lodge	case
21	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	22 lodge	nmod:poss
22	lodge	lodge	NOUN	Number=Sing	19 sang	obl
23	by	by	ADP	_	25 water	case
24	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	25 water	det
25	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	19 sang	obl
26	.	.	PUNCT	_	17 laughed	punct

Pragmatics

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	burn	past · passive		the four logs				vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V NP.theme»: subject=Theme
2	pass	past · perfect · passive		the four cold moons				vn escape-51.1-1-3 «NP V NP»: subject=Trajectory
3	laugh	past	Shingebis			still		vn nonverbal_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent
4	sing speech: express	past	Shingebis not said here		Shingebis's lodge		by the water	vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in lodge=Location

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73136/62/42/

🌲 Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, XXXVII. the North Wind’s Defeat, sentence 42

The tree

Pragmatics

Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, XXXVII. the North Wind’s Defeat, sentence 42