Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, XXXVIII. a Rip Van Winkle, sentence 102
His bones were not broken, but his joints made a noise like a paddle on the edge of a canoe.
Who acts: joints · What happens: not break, make · To what, where: bones, noise
This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, XXXVIII. a Rip Van Winkle. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (joints), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | His | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 2 bones | nmod:poss |
| 2 | bones | bone | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 broken | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 broken | aux:pass |
| 4 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 5 broken | advmod |
| 5 | broken | break | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 made | punct |
| 7 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 10 made | cc |
| 8 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 9 joints | nmod:poss |
| 9 | joints | joint | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 made | nsubj |
| 10 | made | make | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 broken | parataxis |
| 11 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 12 noise | det |
| 12 | noise | noise | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 made | obj |
| 13 | like | like | ADP | _ | 15 paddle | case |
| 14 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 15 paddle | det |
| 15 | paddle | paddle | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 made | obl |
| 16 | on | on | ADP | _ | 18 edge | case |
| 17 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 18 edge | det |
| 18 | edge | edge | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 paddle | nmod |
| 19 | of | of | ADP | _ | 21 canoe | case |
| 20 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 21 canoe | det |
| 21 | canoe | canoe | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 edge | nmod |
| 22 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 broken | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | not break | past · passive | water's bones | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient | |||||
| 2 | make | past | water's joints | a noise | like a paddle on the edge of a canoe | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset noise=Product |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73136/63/102/