Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, XXXVIII. a Rip Van Winkle, sentence 3
It must be true, for it is told by the old men to the boys to this day.
Who acts: thing, old men · What happens: be, tell · To what, where: thing · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, XXXVIII. a Rip Van Winkle. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (thing, old men), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | It | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 true | nsubj |
| 2 | must | must | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 4 true | aux |
| 3 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 4 true | cop |
| 4 | true | true | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 told | punct |
| 6 | for | for | SCONJ | _ | 9 told | mark |
| 7 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 9 told | nsubj:pass |
| 8 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 9 told | aux:pass |
| 9 | told | tell | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 4 true | parataxis |
| 10 | by | by | ADP | _ | 13 men | case |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 men | det |
| 12 | old | old | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 men | amod |
| 13 | men | man | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 told | obl |
| 14 | to | to | ADP | _ | 16 boys | case |
| 15 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 boys | det |
| 16 | boys | boy | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 men | nmod |
| 17 | to | to | ADP | _ | 19 day | case |
| 18 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 19 day | det |
| 19 | day | day | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 told | obl |
| 20 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 true | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | must | thing | true property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | tell speech: assert | present · passive | the old men to the boys | thing | day | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent subject=Recipient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73136/63/3/