Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, XXXVIII. a Rip Van Winkle, sentence 41
Then the tamanous, the spirit of the great elk from which his band was descended, told the hunter a secret.
Who acts: tamanous spirit · What happens: descend, tell · To what, where: band, great elk, hunter · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, XXXVIII. a Rip Van Winkle. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (tamanous spirit), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 18 told | advmod |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 spirit | det |
| 3 | tamanous | tamanous | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 spirit | amod |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 6 spirit | punct |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 spirit | det |
| 6 | spirit | spirit | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 told | nsubj |
| 7 | of | of | ADP | _ | 10 elk | case |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 elk | det |
| 9 | great | great | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 elk | amod |
| 10 | elk | elk | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 spirit | nmod |
| 11 | from | from | ADP | _ | 12 which | case |
| 12 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 16 descended | obl |
| 13 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 14 band | nmod:poss |
| 14 | band | band | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 descended | nsubj:pass |
| 15 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 16 descended | aux:pass |
| 16 | descended | descend | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 10 elk | acl:relcl |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 6 spirit | punct |
| 18 | told | tell | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 hunter | det |
| 20 | hunter | hunter | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 told | obj |
| 21 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 22 secret | det |
| 22 | secret | secret | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 told | obj |
| 23 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 18 told | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | descend | past · passive | tamanous's band | the great elk | vn meander-47.7-1 «PP.location V NP»: subject=Theme | ||||
| 2 | tell speech: assert | past | the tamanous spirit of the great elk | the hunter | then | a secret obj | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent hunter=Recipient secret=Topic |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73136/63/41/