Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, XXXIX. Legend of the Wampum-bird and the Boy, sentence 12
They knew it was a spirit bird that had lost its way.
Who acts: bows, bird · What happens: know, be, lose · To what, where: spirit bird · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, XXXIX. Legend of the Wampum-bird and the Boy. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (bows, bird), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | They | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 knew | nsubj |
| 2 | knew | know | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 7 bird | nsubj |
| 4 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 7 bird | cop |
| 5 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 7 bird | det |
| 6 | spirit | spirit | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 bird | compound |
| 7 | bird | bird | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 knew | ccomp |
| 8 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 10 lost | nsubj:pass |
| 9 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 10 lost | aux |
| 10 | lost | lose | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 7 bird | acl:relcl |
| 11 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 12 way | nmod:poss |
| 12 | way | way | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 lost | obj |
| 13 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 knew | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | know | past | bows = bow | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | |||||
| 2 | is a | past | bird | a spirit bird | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | lose | past · perfect · passive | a spirit bird | bird's way obj | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73136/64/12/