Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, XXXIX. Legend of the Wampum-bird and the Boy, sentence 17
The warriors who stayed and shot at the bird gave great war whoops, but the bird did not fly away, nor was it frightened at any noise they made.
Who acts: warriors, great war, bird, strings · What happens: stay, shoot, give, whoop, not fly away, frighten · To what, where: bird, noise · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, XXXIX. Legend of the Wampum-bird and the Boy. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (warriors, great war, bird, strings), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 warriors | det |
| 2 | warriors | warrior | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 gave | nsubj |
| 3 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 4 stayed | nsubj |
| 4 | stayed | stay | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 warriors | acl:relcl |
| 5 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 6 shot | cc |
| 6 | shot | shoot | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 stayed | conj |
| 7 | at | at | ADP | _ | 9 bird | case |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 bird | det |
| 9 | bird | bird | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 shot | obl |
| 10 | gave | give | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 11 | great | great | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 war | amod |
| 12 | war | war | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 whoops | nsubj |
| 13 | whoops | whoop | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 10 gave | ccomp |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 fly | punct |
| 15 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 20 fly | cc |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 bird | det |
| 17 | bird | bird | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 fly | nsubj |
| 18 | did | do | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 20 fly | aux |
| 19 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 20 fly | advmod |
| 20 | fly | fly | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 13 whoops | ccomp |
| 21 | away | away | ADV | _ | 20 fly | advmod |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 frightened | punct |
| 23 | nor | nor | CCONJ | Polarity=Neg | 26 frightened | cc |
| 24 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 26 frightened | aux:pass |
| 25 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 26 frightened | nsubj:pass |
| 26 | frightened | frighten | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 10 gave | conj |
| 27 | at | at | ADP | _ | 29 noise | case |
| 28 | any | any | DET | PronType=Ind | 29 noise | det |
| 29 | noise | noise | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 frightened | obl |
| 30 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 31 made | nsubj |
| 31 | made | make | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 29 noise | acl:relcl |
| 32 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 10 gave | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | stay | past | the warriors | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 2 | shoot | past | the warriors not said here | at the bird | vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent at bird=Destination | ||||
| 3 | give | past | the warriors | tree rules | |||||
| 4 | whoop speech: other | present | great war | vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 5 | not fly away | past · do-support | the bird | away property | vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 6 | frighten | past · passive | bird | any noise | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Experiencer | ||||
| 7 | make | past | strings = string | any noise not said here | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset noise=Product |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73136/64/17/