Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, XXXIX. Legend of the Wampum-bird and the Boy, sentence 21
He heard the war whoops of the warriors, but he was not afraid.
Who acts: boy · What happens: hear, not be, whoop · To what, where: war whoops, warriors
This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, XXXIX. Legend of the Wampum-bird and the Boy. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (boy), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 heard | nsubj |
| 2 | heard | hear | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 whoops | det |
| 4 | war | war | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 whoops | compound |
| 5 | whoops | whoop | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 heard | obj |
| 6 | of | of | ADP | _ | 8 warriors | case |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 warriors | det |
| 8 | warriors | warrior | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 whoops | nmod |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 afraid | punct |
| 10 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 14 afraid | cc |
| 11 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 14 afraid | nsubj |
| 12 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 14 afraid | cop |
| 13 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 14 afraid | advmod |
| 14 | afraid | afraid | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 heard | conj |
| 15 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 heard | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | hear | past | boy | the war whoops of the warriors | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer whoop=Stimulus | ||||
| 2 | not is | past | boy | afraid property | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | whoop | the warriors | nom whoop «communication transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73136/64/21/