Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, XXXIX. Legend of the Wampum-bird and the Boy, sentence 32
When war was to be declared the tomahawk should be painted on a belt of wampum; it should be sent to the tribe they would fight against; when the war was over the two tribes should exchange belts of wampum as promises of peace.
Who acts: arrows, war · What happens: declare, paint, send, fight, be, promise · To what, where: war, tomahawk, belt, tribe, two tribes, peace
This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, XXXIX. Legend of the Wampum-bird and the Boy. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (arrows, war), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | When | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 6 declared | advmod |
| 2 | war | war | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 declared | obl |
| 3 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 6 declared | aux:pass |
| 4 | to | to | PART | _ | 6 declared | mark |
| 5 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 6 declared | aux:pass |
| 6 | declared | declare | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 11 painted | advcl |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 tomahawk | det |
| 8 | tomahawk | tomahawk | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 painted | nsubj:pass |
| 9 | should | should | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 11 painted | aux |
| 10 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 11 painted | aux:pass |
| 11 | painted | paint | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 12 | on | on | ADP | _ | 14 belt | case |
| 13 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 14 belt | det |
| 14 | belt | belt | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 painted | obl |
| 15 | of | of | ADP | _ | 16 wampum | case |
| 16 | wampum | wampum | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 belt | nmod |
| 17 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 21 sent | punct |
| 18 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 21 sent | nsubj:pass |
| 19 | should | should | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 21 sent | aux |
| 20 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 21 sent | aux:pass |
| 21 | sent | send | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 11 painted | conj |
| 22 | to | to | ADP | _ | 24 tribe | case |
| 23 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 24 tribe | det |
| 24 | tribe | tribe | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 sent | obl |
| 25 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 27 fight | nsubj |
| 26 | would | would | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 27 fight | aux |
| 27 | fight | fight | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 21 sent | conj |
| 28 | against | against | ADP | _ | 27 fight | obl |
| 29 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 39 exchange | punct |
| 30 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 39 exchange | advmod |
| 31 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 32 war | det |
| 32 | war | war | NOUN | Number=Sing | 39 exchange | nsubj |
| 33 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 39 exchange | cop |
| 34 | over | over | ADP | _ | 37 tribes | case |
| 35 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 37 tribes | det |
| 36 | two | two | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 37 tribes | nummod |
| 37 | tribes | tribe | NOUN | Number=Plur | 39 exchange | obl |
| 38 | should | should | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 39 exchange | aux |
| 39 | exchange | exchange | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 11 painted | conj |
| 40 | belts | belt | NOUN | Number=Plur | 39 exchange | obj |
| 41 | of | of | ADP | _ | 42 wampum | case |
| 42 | wampum | wampum | NOUN | Number=Sing | 40 belts | nmod |
| 43 | as | as | ADP | _ | 44 promises | case |
| 44 | promises | promise | NOUN | Number=Plur | 39 exchange | obl |
| 45 | of | of | ADP | _ | 46 peace | case |
| 46 | peace | peace | NOUN | Number=Sing | 44 promises | nmod |
| 47 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 11 painted | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | declare speech: other | past · passive | war | vn declare-29.4-1-1-1 «NP V what S_INF» | |||||
| 2 | paint | should · passive | the tomahawk | a belt of wampum | vn image_impression-25.1 «NP V NP.theme PP.destination»: subject=Theme on belt=Destination | ||||
| 3 | send | should · passive | tomahawk | the tribe | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme to tribe=Destination | ||||
| 4 | fight | would | arrows = arrow | vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 5 | is | should · past | the war | the two tribes | as promises of peace; belts of wampum obj; exchange property | tree rules | |||
| 6 | promise | peace | nom promise «communication transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73136/64/32/