Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, XL. the Magic Moccasins, sentence 8
He heard the dry bushes crackle and crept to the place where Mukwa had been.
Who acts: Mukwa, dry bushes · What happens: hear, crackle, creep · To what, where: place · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, XL. the Magic Moccasins. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Mukwa, dry bushes), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 heard | nsubj |
| 2 | heard | hear | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 bushes | det |
| 4 | dry | dry | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 bushes | amod |
| 5 | bushes | bush | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 crackle | nsubj |
| 6 | crackle | crackle | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 2 heard | ccomp |
| 7 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 8 crept | cc |
| 8 | crept | creep | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 heard | conj |
| 9 | to | to | ADP | _ | 11 place | case |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 place | det |
| 11 | place | place | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 crept | obl |
| 12 | where | where | ADV | PronType=Rel | 15 been | advmod |
| 13 | Mukwa | Mukwa | PROPN | Number=Sing | 15 been | nsubj |
| 14 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 15 been | aux |
| 15 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 11 place | acl:relcl |
| 16 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 heard | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | hear | past | Mukwa | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | |||||
| 2 | crackle | present | the dry bushes | vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 3 | creep | past | Mukwa not said here | the place | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme to place=Destination |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73136/65/8/