Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, XLI. Opechee the Robin Redbreast, sentence 45
Opechee is not afraid in the storm, and many have heard him singing just after the great thunderbirds had called to each other and the water was coming fast from the sky to find a place to hide in the ground.
Who acts: Opechee, many, water · What happens: not be, hear, sing, call, come, find · To what, where: storm, Opechee, great thunderbirds, each, sky, place · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, XLI. Opechee the Robin Redbreast. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Opechee, many, water), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Opechee | Opechee | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 afraid | nsubj |
| 2 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 afraid | cop |
| 3 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 4 afraid | advmod |
| 4 | afraid | afraid | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 5 | in | in | ADP | _ | 7 storm | case |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 storm | det |
| 7 | storm | storm | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 afraid | obl |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 heard | punct |
| 9 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 12 heard | cc |
| 10 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 heard | nsubj |
| 11 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 12 heard | aux |
| 12 | heard | hear | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 4 afraid | parataxis |
| 13 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 12 heard | obj |
| 14 | singing | sing | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 12 heard | advcl |
| 15 | just | just | ADV | _ | 21 called | advmod |
| 16 | after | after | SCONJ | _ | 21 called | mark |
| 17 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 thunderbirds | det |
| 18 | great | great | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 19 thunderbirds | amod |
| 19 | thunderbirds | thunderbird | NOUN | Number=Plur | 21 called | nsubj:pass |
| 20 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 21 called | aux |
| 21 | called | call | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 14 singing | advcl |
| 22 | to | to | ADP | _ | 23 each | case |
| 23 | each | each | DET | ExtPos=PRON PronType=Rcp | 21 called | obl |
| 24 | other | other | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 23 each | fixed |
| 25 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 29 coming | cc |
| 26 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 27 water | det |
| 27 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 coming | nsubj |
| 28 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 29 coming | aux |
| 29 | coming | come | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 21 called | conj |
| 30 | fast | fast | ADV | Degree=Pos | 29 coming | advmod |
| 31 | from | from | ADP | _ | 33 sky | case |
| 32 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 33 sky | det |
| 33 | sky | sky | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 coming | obl |
| 34 | to | to | PART | _ | 35 find | mark |
| 35 | find | find | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 29 coming | advcl |
| 36 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 37 place | det |
| 37 | place | place | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 find | obj |
| 38 | to | to | PART | _ | 39 hide | mark |
| 39 | hide | hide | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 37 place | acl |
| 40 | in | in | ADP | _ | 42 ground | case |
| 41 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 42 ground | det |
| 42 | ground | ground | NOUN | Number=Sing | 39 hide | obl |
| 43 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 afraid | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | not is | present | Opechee | the storm | afraid property | tree rules | |||
| 2 | hear | present · perfect | many | Opechee | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer he=Stimulus | ||||
| 3 | sing speech: express | gerund | many not said here | vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 4 | call | past · perfect · passive | the great thunderbirds | each | vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: subject=Topic to each=Recipient | ||||
| 5 | come | past · progressive | the water | the sky | fast property | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from sky=Initial_Location | |||
| 6 | find | to-infinitive | the water not said here | a place | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent place=Topic | ||||
| 7 | hide | to-infinitive | the water not said here | a place not said here | the ground | vn concealment-16-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in ground=Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73136/66/45/