Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, Introductory—the Indians’ Present Condition, sentence 4
A number of tribes have become much like the white man, and live in houses and have large numbers of horses and cattle upon the plains or on their farms in the east; other tribes, proud of their ancient customs, still try to live as nearly as possible in the way of their ancestors.
Who acts: number · What happens: become, live, have, try · To what, where: other tribes, houses, large numbers, way
This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Introductory—the Indians’ Present Condition. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (number), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 2 number | det |
| 2 | number | number | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 become | nsubj |
| 3 | of | of | ADP | _ | 4 tribes | case |
| 4 | tribes | tribe | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 number | nmod |
| 5 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 become | aux |
| 6 | become | become | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | root | root |
| 7 | much | much | ADV | _ | 6 become | advmod |
| 8 | like | like | ADP | _ | 11 man | case |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 man | det |
| 10 | white | white | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 man | amod |
| 11 | man | man | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 become | obl |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 live | punct |
| 13 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 14 live | cc |
| 14 | live | live | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 become | parataxis |
| 15 | in | in | ADP | _ | 16 houses | case |
| 16 | houses | house | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 live | obl |
| 17 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 18 have | cc |
| 18 | have | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 14 live | conj |
| 19 | large | large | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 20 numbers | amod |
| 20 | numbers | number | NOUN | Number=Plur | 18 have | obj |
| 21 | of | of | ADP | _ | 22 horses | case |
| 22 | horses | horse | NOUN | Number=Plur | 20 numbers | nmod |
| 23 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 24 cattle | cc |
| 24 | cattle | cattle | NOUN | Number=Plur | 22 horses | conj |
| 25 | upon | upon | ADP | _ | 27 plains | case |
| 26 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 27 plains | det |
| 27 | plains | plain | NOUN | Number=Plur | 18 have | obl |
| 28 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 31 farms | cc |
| 29 | on | on | ADP | _ | 31 farms | case |
| 30 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 31 farms | nmod:poss |
| 31 | farms | farm | NOUN | Number=Plur | 27 plains | conj |
| 32 | in | in | ADP | _ | 34 east | case |
| 33 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 34 east | det |
| 34 | east | east | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 farms | nmod |
| 35 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 37 tribes | punct |
| 36 | other | other | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 37 tribes | amod |
| 37 | tribes | tribe | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 live | obl |
| 38 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 39 proud | punct |
| 39 | proud | proud | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 37 tribes | amod |
| 40 | of | of | ADP | _ | 43 customs | case |
| 41 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 43 customs | nmod:poss |
| 42 | ancient | ancient | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 43 customs | amod |
| 43 | customs | custom | NOUN | Number=Plur | 39 proud | obl |
| 44 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 46 try | punct |
| 45 | still | still | ADV | _ | 46 try | advmod |
| 46 | try | try | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 14 live | conj |
| 47 | to | to | PART | _ | 48 live | mark |
| 48 | live | live | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 46 try | xcomp |
| 49 | as | as | ADV | _ | 50 nearly | advmod |
| 50 | nearly | nearly | ADV | _ | 48 live | advmod |
| 51 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 52 possible | mark |
| 52 | possible | possible | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 50 nearly | advcl |
| 53 | in | in | ADP | _ | 55 way | case |
| 54 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 55 way | det |
| 55 | way | way | NOUN | Number=Sing | 48 live | obl |
| 56 | of | of | ADP | _ | 58 ancestors | case |
| 57 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 58 ancestors | nmod:poss |
| 58 | ancestors | ancestor | NOUN | Number=Plur | 55 way | nmod |
| 59 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 become | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | become | present · perfect | a number of tribes | like the white man | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient | ||||
| 2 | live | present | other tribes | houses | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in house=Location | ||||
| 3 | have | present | large numbers of horses and cattle | upon the plains or tribes's farms in the east | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent number=Patient | ||||
| 4 | try | infinitive | still | vn try-61.1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality | |||||
| 5 | live not said to happen | to-infinitive | the way of tribes's ancestors | nearly property | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in way=Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73136/68/4/