Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, Menabozho, or the Great White Hare, sentence 15
Some one who has studied into the meanings of Indian words says that it means the “god of light,” or “ruler of the sun.” When you read marvelous stories of Menabozho remember then that the Indians who told these tales first had in mind one of their strong gods,—one who was swift and powerful as the light of the sun; one who was as kind as the sun is to the earth, bringing food and blessing to every one.
Who acts: one, Hare, you, marvelous stories, Indians, earth · What happens: study, say, mean, read, remember, tell · To what, where: meanings, god, tales, mind, food, one · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Menabozho, or the Great White Hare. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (one, Hare, you, marvelous stories), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 2 one | det |
| 2 | one | one | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 says | nsubj |
| 3 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 5 studied | nsubj |
| 4 | has | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 studied | aux |
| 5 | studied | study | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 2 one | acl:relcl |
| 6 | into | into | ADP | _ | 8 meanings | case |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 meanings | det |
| 8 | meanings | meaning | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 studied | obl |
| 9 | of | of | ADP | _ | 11 words | case |
| 10 | Indian | Indian | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 words | amod |
| 11 | words | word | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 meanings | nmod |
| 12 | says | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 13 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 15 means | mark |
| 14 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 15 means | nsubj |
| 15 | means | mean | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 12 says | ccomp |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 18 god | det |
| 17 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 18 god | punct |
| 18 | god | god | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 means | obj |
| 19 | of | of | ADP | _ | 20 light | case |
| 20 | light | light | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 god | nmod |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 ” | punct |
| 22 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 18 god | punct |
| 23 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 25 ruler | cc |
| 24 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 25 ruler | punct |
| 25 | ruler | ruler | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 god | conj |
| 26 | of | of | ADP | _ | 28 sun. | case |
| 27 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 28 sun. | det |
| 28 | sun. | sun. | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 ruler | nmod |
| 29 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 25 ruler | punct |
| 30 | When | when | SCONJ | _ | 32 read | mark |
| 31 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 32 read | nsubj |
| 32 | read | read | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 15 means | conj |
| 33 | marvelous | marvelous | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 34 stories | amod |
| 34 | stories | story | NOUN | Number=Plur | 37 remember | nsubj |
| 35 | of | of | ADP | _ | 36 Menabozho | case |
| 36 | Menabozho | Menabozho | PROPN | Number=Sing | 34 stories | nmod |
| 37 | remember | remember | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 32 read | parataxis |
| 38 | then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 47 had | advmod |
| 39 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 47 had | mark |
| 40 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 41 Indians | det |
| 41 | Indians | Indian | PROPN | Number=Plur | 47 had | nsubj |
| 42 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 43 told | nsubj |
| 43 | told | tell | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 41 Indians | acl:relcl |
| 44 | these | this | DET | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 45 tales | det |
| 45 | tales | tale | NOUN | Number=Plur | 43 told | obj |
| 46 | first | first | ADV | NumForm=Word NumType=Ord | 47 had | advmod |
| 47 | had | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 37 remember | ccomp |
| 48 | in | in | ADP | _ | 49 mind | case |
| 49 | mind | mind | NOUN | Number=Sing | 47 had | obj |
| 50 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 49 mind | flat |
| 51 | of | of | ADP | _ | 54 gods | case |
| 52 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 54 gods | nmod:poss |
| 53 | strong | strong | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 54 gods | amod |
| 54 | gods | god | NOUN | Number=Plur | 50 one | nmod |
| 55 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 57 one | punct |
| 56 | — | - | PUNCT | _ | 57 one | punct |
| 57 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 47 had | parataxis |
| 58 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 60 swift | nsubj |
| 59 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 60 swift | cop |
| 60 | swift | swift | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 57 one | acl:relcl |
| 61 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 62 powerful | cc |
| 62 | powerful | powerful | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 60 swift | conj |
| 63 | as | as | ADP | _ | 65 light | case |
| 64 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 65 light | det |
| 65 | light | light | NOUN | Number=Sing | 60 swift | obl |
| 66 | of | of | ADP | _ | 68 sun | case |
| 67 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 68 sun | det |
| 68 | sun | sun | NOUN | Number=Sing | 65 light | nmod |
| 69 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 74 kind | punct |
| 70 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 74 kind | nsubj |
| 71 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 74 kind | nsubj |
| 72 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 74 kind | cop |
| 73 | as | as | ADV | _ | 74 kind | advmod |
| 74 | kind | kind | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 81 earth | csubj |
| 75 | as | as | ADP | _ | 77 sun | case |
| 76 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 77 sun | det |
| 77 | sun | sun | NOUN | Number=Sing | 74 kind | obl |
| 78 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 81 earth | cop |
| 79 | to | to | ADP | _ | 81 earth | case |
| 80 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 81 earth | det |
| 81 | earth | earth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 says | parataxis |
| 82 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 83 bringing | punct |
| 83 | bringing | bring | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 81 earth | acl |
| 84 | food | food | NOUN | Number=Sing | 83 bringing | obj |
| 85 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 86 blessing | cc |
| 86 | blessing | bless | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 83 bringing | conj |
| 87 | to | to | ADP | _ | 89 one | case |
| 88 | every | every | DET | PronType=Tot | 89 one | det |
| 89 | one | one | NOUN | Number=Sing | 86 blessing | obl |
| 90 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 12 says | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | study | present · perfect | some one | the meanings of Indian words | vn learn-14-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 2 | say speech: assert | present | some one | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 3 | mean | present | Hare | the god of light or ruler of the sun. | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent god=Topic | ||||
| 4 | read | present | you | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 5 | remember | present | marvelous stories of Menabozho | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | |||||
| 6 | tell speech: assert | past | the Indians | this tales | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent tale=Recipient | ||||
| 7 | have | past | the Indians | mind | then | one parataxis; first property | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mind=Patient | ||
| 8 | is | past | as the light of the sun; who nsubj; swift property | tree rules | |||||
| 9 | be | tree rules | |||||||
| 10 | is | past | one | as the sun; the earth nsubj; kind property | tree rules | ||||
| 11 | is | present | to the earth | tree rules | |||||
| 12 | bring | gerund | the earth not said here | food | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent food=Theme | ||||
| 13 | bless | gerund | the earth not said here | every one | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 14 | mean | Indian words | nom meaning «communication transitive»: of=patient | ||||||
| 15 | light | the sun | nom light «phenomenon transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73136/69/15/