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Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, Menabozho, or the Great White Hare, sentence 28

We know from many Indian customs and from their records, for they have kept many records, that the red men lived in America for hundreds of years before Columbus came.

Who acts: We, red men, Columbus, customs · What happens: know, keep, live, come, record · To what, where: many Indian customs, records, America

This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Menabozho, or the Great White Hare. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (We, red men, Columbus, customs), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.

The tree

nsubjcaseamodamodoblcccasenmod:possconjpunctmarknsubj:passauxparataxisamodobjpunctmarkdetamodnsubjconjcaseoblcaseoblcasenmodmarknsubjadvclpunctrootWePRONknowVERBfromADPmanyADJIndianADJcustomsNOUNandCCONJfromADPtheirPRONrecordsNOUN,PUNCTforSCONJtheyPRONhaveAUXkeptVERBmanyADJrecordsNOUN,PUNCTthatSCONJtheDETredADJmenNOUNlivedVERBinADPAmericaPROPNforADPhundredsNOUNofADPyearsNOUNbeforeSCONJColumbusPROPNcameVERB.PUNCT
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
#wordlemmaUPOSfeaturesheadrelation
1WewePRONCase=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs2 knownsubj
2knowknowVERBMood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Finrootroot
3fromfromADP_6 customscase
4manymanyADJDegree=Pos6 customsamod
5IndianIndianADJDegree=Pos6 customsamod
6customscustomNOUNNumber=Plur2 knowobl
7andandCCONJ_10 recordscc
8fromfromADP_10 recordscase
9theirtheirPRONCase=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs10 recordsnmod:poss
10recordsrecordNOUNNumber=Plur6 customsconj
11,,PUNCT_15 keptpunct
12forforSCONJ_15 keptmark
13theytheyPRONCase=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs15 keptnsubj:pass
14havehaveAUXMood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin15 keptaux
15keptkeepVERBTense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass2 knowparataxis
16manymanyADJDegree=Pos17 recordsamod
17recordsrecordNOUNNumber=Plur15 keptobj
18,,PUNCT_23 livedpunct
19thatthatSCONJ_23 livedmark
20thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art22 mendet
21redredADJDegree=Pos22 menamod
22menmanNOUNNumber=Plur23 livednsubj
23livedliveVERBMood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin15 keptconj
24ininADP_25 Americacase
25AmericaAmericaPROPNNumber=Sing23 livedobl
26forforADP_27 hundredscase
27hundredshundredNOUNNumber=Plur23 livedobl
28ofofADP_29 yearscase
29yearsyearNOUNNumber=Plur27 hundredsnmod
30beforebeforeSCONJ_32 camemark
31ColumbusColumbusPROPNNumber=Sing32 camensubj
32camecomeVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin23 livedadvcl
33..PUNCT_2 knowpunct

Pragmatics

#verbtense, moodwhowhat, whomto whomwherewhenotherroles by
1knowpresentWemany Indian customs and customs's recordsvn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer
2keeppresent · perfect · passiverecords = recordmany records objvn sustain-55.6-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: subject=Theme record=Attribute
3livepastthe red menAmericafor hundreds of yearsvn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in america=Location
4comepastColumbusvn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
5recordcustoms = customnom record «communication transitive»: poss=agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73136/69/28/