Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, Menabozho, or the Great White Hare, sentence 28
We know from many Indian customs and from their records, for they have kept many records, that the red men lived in America for hundreds of years before Columbus came.
Who acts: We, red men, Columbus, customs · What happens: know, keep, live, come, record · To what, where: many Indian customs, records, America
This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Menabozho, or the Great White Hare. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (We, red men, Columbus, customs), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | We | we | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 2 know | nsubj |
| 2 | know | know | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | from | from | ADP | _ | 6 customs | case |
| 4 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 customs | amod |
| 5 | Indian | Indian | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 customs | amod |
| 6 | customs | custom | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 know | obl |
| 7 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 10 records | cc |
| 8 | from | from | ADP | _ | 10 records | case |
| 9 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 10 records | nmod:poss |
| 10 | records | record | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 customs | conj |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 kept | punct |
| 12 | for | for | SCONJ | _ | 15 kept | mark |
| 13 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 15 kept | nsubj:pass |
| 14 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 15 kept | aux |
| 15 | kept | keep | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 2 know | parataxis |
| 16 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 17 records | amod |
| 17 | records | record | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 kept | obj |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 lived | punct |
| 19 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 23 lived | mark |
| 20 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 22 men | det |
| 21 | red | red | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 22 men | amod |
| 22 | men | man | NOUN | Number=Plur | 23 lived | nsubj |
| 23 | lived | live | VERB | Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 15 kept | conj |
| 24 | in | in | ADP | _ | 25 America | case |
| 25 | America | America | PROPN | Number=Sing | 23 lived | obl |
| 26 | for | for | ADP | _ | 27 hundreds | case |
| 27 | hundreds | hundred | NOUN | Number=Plur | 23 lived | obl |
| 28 | of | of | ADP | _ | 29 years | case |
| 29 | years | year | NOUN | Number=Plur | 27 hundreds | nmod |
| 30 | before | before | SCONJ | _ | 32 came | mark |
| 31 | Columbus | Columbus | PROPN | Number=Sing | 32 came | nsubj |
| 32 | came | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 23 lived | advcl |
| 33 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 know | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | know | present | We | many Indian customs and customs's records | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | ||||
| 2 | keep | present · perfect · passive | records = record | many records obj | vn sustain-55.6-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: subject=Theme record=Attribute | ||||
| 3 | live | past | the red men | America | for hundreds of years | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in america=Location | |||
| 4 | come | past | Columbus | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 5 | record | customs = custom | nom record «communication transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73136/69/28/