Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, How the Iroquois Built Their Log Forts, sentence 6
Earth was heaped up on both sides of the logs to keep them from falling.
What happens: heap up, keep, fall · To what, where: Earth, sides, logs
This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, How the Iroquois Built Their Log Forts. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Earth | Earth | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 heaped | nsubj |
| 2 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 heaped | aux:pass |
| 3 | heaped | heap | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 4 | up | up | ADP | _ | 3 heaped | compound:prt |
| 5 | on | on | ADP | _ | 7 sides | case |
| 6 | both | both | DET | PronType=Tot | 7 sides | det |
| 7 | sides | side | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 heaped | obl |
| 8 | of | of | ADP | _ | 10 logs | case |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 logs | det |
| 10 | logs | log | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 sides | nmod |
| 11 | to | to | PART | _ | 12 keep | mark |
| 12 | keep | keep | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 3 heaped | advcl |
| 13 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 12 keep | obj |
| 14 | from | from | SCONJ | _ | 15 falling | mark |
| 15 | falling | fall | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 12 keep | advcl |
| 16 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 heaped | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | heap up | past · passive | Earth | both sides of the logs | vn spray-9.7-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme on side=Destination | ||||
| 2 | keep | to-infinitive | logs = log | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme | |||||
| 3 | fall | gerund | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73136/7/6/