Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, I. Menabozho and His Three Brothers, sentence 25
The spirit that stands in the west sends the rain, and the spirit in the east gives light to the earth.
Who acts: spirit · What happens: stand, send, give · To what, where: west, rain, light, earth
This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, I. Menabozho and His Three Brothers. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (spirit), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 spirit | det |
| 2 | spirit | spirit | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 sends | nsubj |
| 3 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 4 stands | nsubj |
| 4 | stands | stand | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 2 spirit | acl:relcl |
| 5 | in | in | ADP | _ | 7 west | case |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 west | det |
| 7 | west | west | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 stands | obl |
| 8 | sends | send | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 rain | det |
| 10 | rain | rain | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 sends | obj |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 gives | punct |
| 12 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 18 gives | cc |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 spirit | det |
| 14 | spirit | spirit | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 gives | nsubj |
| 15 | in | in | ADP | _ | 17 east | case |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 east | det |
| 17 | east | east | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 spirit | nmod |
| 18 | gives | give | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 8 sends | conj |
| 19 | light | light | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 gives | obj |
| 20 | to | to | ADP | _ | 22 earth | case |
| 21 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 22 earth | det |
| 22 | earth | earth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 gives | obl |
| 23 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 8 sends | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | stand | present | the spirit | the west | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in west=Location | ||||
| 2 | send | present | the spirit | the rain | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rain=Theme | ||||
| 3 | give | present | the spirit in the east | light | the earth | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent light=Theme to earth=Recipient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73136/70/25/