Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, IV. How the Kingfisher Got His Ring and His Ruffle, sentence 11
Menabozho fastened around the bird’s neck a beautiful white collar, which he wears to this day; then the kingfisher told him how he had seen the wolf caught while leaping across the water the day before, and said:
Who acts: Menabozho, beautiful white collar, kingfisher · What happens: fasten, wear, tell, see, catch, leap · To what, where: beautiful white collar, neck, Menabozho, wolf, water · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, IV. How the Kingfisher Got His Ring and His Ruffle. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Menabozho, beautiful white collar, kingfisher), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Menabozho | Menabozho | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 fastened | nsubj |
| 2 | fastened | fasten | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | around | around | ADP | _ | 7 neck | case |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 bird | det |
| 5 | bird | bird | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 neck | nmod:poss |
| 6 | ’s | 's | PART | _ | 5 bird | case |
| 7 | neck | neck | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 fastened | obl |
| 8 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 11 collar | det |
| 9 | beautiful | beautiful | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 collar | amod |
| 10 | white | white | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 collar | amod |
| 11 | collar | collar | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 fastened | obj |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 wears | punct |
| 13 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 15 wears | nsubj |
| 14 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 15 wears | nsubj |
| 15 | wears | wear | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 11 collar | acl:relcl |
| 16 | to | to | ADP | _ | 18 day | case |
| 17 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 18 day | det |
| 18 | day | day | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 wears | obl |
| 19 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 23 told | punct |
| 20 | then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 23 told | advmod |
| 21 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 22 kingfisher | det |
| 22 | kingfisher | kingfisher | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 told | nsubj |
| 23 | told | tell | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 fastened | conj |
| 24 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 23 told | iobj |
| 25 | how | how | ADV | PronType=Int | 28 seen | advmod |
| 26 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 28 seen | nsubj |
| 27 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 28 seen | aux |
| 28 | seen | see | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 23 told | ccomp |
| 29 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 30 wolf | det |
| 30 | wolf | wolf | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 seen | obj |
| 31 | caught | catch | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 30 wolf | acl |
| 32 | while | while | SCONJ | _ | 33 leaping | mark |
| 33 | leaping | leap | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 31 caught | advcl |
| 34 | across | across | ADP | _ | 36 water | case |
| 35 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 36 water | det |
| 36 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 leaping | obl |
| 37 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 38 day | det |
| 38 | day | day | NOUN | Number=Sing | 39 before | obl:unmarked |
| 39 | before | before | ADV | _ | 36 water | advmod |
| 40 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 42 said | punct |
| 41 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 42 said | cc |
| 42 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 fastened | parataxis |
| 43 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 42 said | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | fasten | past | Menabozho | a beautiful white collar | the bird's neck | vn shake-22.3-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent collar=Patient | |||
| 2 | wear | present | a beautiful white collar | day | Menabozho nsubj | vn wipe_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V PP-Conative»: agent=Agent | |||
| 3 | tell speech: assert | past | the kingfisher | Menabozho | then | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP what S»: agent=Agent he=Recipient clause=Topic | |||
| 4 | see | past · perfect | Menabozho | the wolf | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer wolf=Stimulus | ||||
| 5 | catch | participle | the wolf not said here | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 6 | leap | gerund | the water | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme across water=Trajectory | |||||
| 7 | say speech: assert | past | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73136/73/11/