Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, IV. How the Kingfisher Got His Ring and His Ruffle, sentence 4
One day the wolf was tired and saw a narrow stream in his way, so he threw the goose he had caught over his back and tried to leap across the stream.
Who acts: wolf · What happens: be, see, throw, catch, try, leap · To what, where: narrow stream, way, goose, wolf, back, stream
This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, IV. How the Kingfisher Got His Ring and His Ruffle. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (wolf), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | One | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 2 day | nummod |
| 2 | day | day | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 tired | obl:unmarked |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 wolf | det |
| 4 | wolf | wolf | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 tired | nsubj |
| 5 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 6 tired | cop |
| 6 | tired | tired | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 7 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 8 saw | cc |
| 8 | saw | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 6 tired | conj |
| 9 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 11 stream | det |
| 10 | narrow | narrow | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 stream | amod |
| 11 | stream | stream | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 saw | obj |
| 12 | in | in | ADP | _ | 14 way | case |
| 13 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 14 way | nmod:poss |
| 14 | way | way | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 saw | obl |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 threw | punct |
| 16 | so | so | ADV | _ | 18 threw | advmod |
| 17 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 18 threw | nsubj |
| 18 | threw | throw | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 6 tired | parataxis |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 goose | det |
| 20 | goose | goose | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 threw | obj |
| 21 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 23 caught | nsubj:pass |
| 22 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 23 caught | aux |
| 23 | caught | catch | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 18 threw | parataxis |
| 24 | over | over | ADP | _ | 26 back | case |
| 25 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 26 back | nmod:poss |
| 26 | back | back | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 caught | obl |
| 27 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 28 tried | cc |
| 28 | tried | try | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 23 caught | conj |
| 29 | to | to | PART | _ | 30 leap | mark |
| 30 | leap | leap | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 28 tried | xcomp |
| 31 | across | across | ADP | _ | 33 stream | case |
| 32 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 33 stream | det |
| 33 | stream | stream | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 leap | obl |
| 34 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 tired | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | past | the wolf | day | tired property | tree rules | |||
| 2 | see | past | the wolf not said here | a narrow stream | wolf's way | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer stream=Stimulus | |||
| 3 | throw | past | wolf | the goose | vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent goose=Theme | ||||
| 4 | catch | past · perfect · passive | wolf | wolf's back | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme | ||||
| 5 | try | past | vn try-61.1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality | ||||||
| 6 | leap not said to happen | to-infinitive | the stream | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme across stream=Trajectory |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73136/73/4/