Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, VII. the Thunder-bird of the Dakotas, sentence 22
We must do as our fathers have done or the spirits of the dead will punish us.
Who acts: We, spirits · What happens: do, punish · To what, where: fathers, us
This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, VII. the Thunder-bird of the Dakotas. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (We, spirits), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | We | we | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 3 do | nsubj |
| 2 | must | must | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 3 do | aux |
| 3 | do | do | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 4 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 8 done | mark |
| 5 | our | our | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 6 fathers | nmod:poss |
| 6 | fathers | father | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 done | nsubj:pass |
| 7 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 8 done | aux |
| 8 | done | do | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 3 do | advcl |
| 9 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 11 spirits | cc |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 spirits | det |
| 11 | spirits | spirit | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 punish | nsubj |
| 12 | of | of | ADP | _ | 14 dead | case |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 dead | det |
| 14 | dead | dead | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 spirits | nmod |
| 15 | will | will | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 16 punish | aux |
| 16 | punish | punish | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 3 do | parataxis |
| 17 | us | we | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 16 punish | obj |
| 18 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 do | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | do | must | We | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 2 | do | present · perfect · passive | our fathers | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Eventuality | |||||
| 3 | punish | future | the spirits of the dead | us | vn prosecute-33.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent we=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73136/76/22/