Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, VII. the Thunder-bird of the Dakotas, sentence 26
“Who rules the water?” asked the white man.
Who acts: rules · What happens: rule, ask · To what, where: water, white man · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, VII. the Thunder-bird of the Dakotas. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (rules), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 3 rules | punct |
| 2 | Who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 3 rules | nsubj |
| 3 | rules | rule | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 asked | nsubj |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 water | det |
| 5 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 rules | nmod |
| 6 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 3 rules | punct |
| 7 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 3 rules | punct |
| 8 | asked | ask | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 man | det |
| 10 | white | white | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 man | amod |
| 11 | man | man | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 asked | obj |
| 12 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 8 asked | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | rule in a quote | the water | Who nsubj | tree rules | |||||
| 2 | ask speech: ask | past | rules | the white man | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent man=Recipient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73136/76/26/