Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, VII. the Thunder-bird of the Dakotas, sentence 53
Thunder Bay lies at his feet; on its shore lies the great giant turned to stone, who, ages ago, dared to defy Big Thunder.
Who acts: Thunder Bay · What happens: lie, turn, dare, defy · To what, where: feet, great giant, shore, Big Thunder
This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, VII. the Thunder-bird of the Dakotas. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Thunder Bay), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Thunder | Thunder | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 Bay | compound |
| 2 | Bay | Bay | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 lies | nsubj |
| 3 | lies | lie | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | at | at | ADP | _ | 6 feet | case |
| 5 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 6 feet | nmod:poss |
| 6 | feet | foot | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 lies | obl |
| 7 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 11 lies | punct |
| 8 | on | on | ADP | _ | 10 shore | case |
| 9 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 10 shore | nmod:poss |
| 10 | shore | shore | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 lies | obl |
| 11 | lies | lie | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 lies | conj |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 giant | det |
| 13 | great | great | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 giant | amod |
| 14 | giant | giant | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 lies | obj |
| 15 | turned | turn | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 14 giant | acl |
| 16 | to | to | ADP | _ | 17 stone | case |
| 17 | stone | stone | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 ago | obl |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 ago | punct |
| 19 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 22 ago | nsubj |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 who | punct |
| 21 | ages | age | NOUN | Number=Plur | 22 ago | obl:unmarked |
| 22 | ago | ago | ADV | _ | 15 turned | advmod |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 dared | punct |
| 24 | dared | dare | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 11 lies | conj |
| 25 | to | to | PART | _ | 26 defy | mark |
| 26 | defy | defy | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 24 dared | xcomp |
| 27 | Big | Big | PROPN | Number=Sing | 28 Thunder | flat |
| 28 | Thunder | Thunder | PROPN | Number=Sing | 26 defy | obj |
| 29 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 lies | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | lie | present | Thunder Bay | Bay's feet | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent at foot=Location | ||||
| 2 | lie | present | Thunder Bay not said here | the great giant | promontory's shore | tree rules | |||
| 3 | turn | participle | the great giant not said here | ago property | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 4 | dare | past | Thunder Bay not said here | vn urge-58.1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 5 | defy | to-infinitive | Thunder Bay not said here | Big Thunder | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73136/76/53/