Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, How He United the Five Nations, sentence 12
The three Indians knew by the strange canoe that the Great Spirit had sent him, and they were afraid.
Who acts: three Indians, Indians · What happens: know, send, be · To what, where: Great Spirit
This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, How He United the Five Nations. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (three Indians, Indians), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 Indians | det |
| 2 | three | three | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 3 Indians | nummod |
| 3 | Indians | Indian | PROPN | Number=Plur | 4 knew | nsubj |
| 4 | knew | know | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | by | by | ADP | _ | 8 canoe | case |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 canoe | det |
| 7 | strange | strange | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 canoe | amod |
| 8 | canoe | canoe | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 knew | obl |
| 9 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 14 sent | mark |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 Spirit | det |
| 11 | Great | Great | PROPN | Number=Sing | 12 Spirit | flat |
| 12 | Spirit | Spirit | PROPN | Number=Sing | 14 sent | nsubj:pass |
| 13 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 14 sent | aux |
| 14 | sent | send | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 4 knew | advcl |
| 15 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 14 sent | obj |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 afraid | punct |
| 17 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 20 afraid | cc |
| 18 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 20 afraid | nsubj |
| 19 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 20 afraid | cop |
| 20 | afraid | afraid | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 sent | conj |
| 21 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 knew | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | know | past | the three Indians | by the strange canoe | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | ||||
| 2 | send | past · perfect · passive | the Great Spirit | chief obj | vn send-11.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: subject=Destination he=Theme | ||||
| 3 | is | past | Indians = indian | afraid property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73136/77/12/